3D COORDINATES – RELATIVE CYLINDRICAL POLAR COORDINATES

CIVIL_ENGINEERING

3D coordinates – Relative Cylindrical Polar Coordinates in AutoCAD

 

    

 

Cylindrical polar coordinates relative to the 3D drawing based on the point at which we are currently defining a distance at an angle and height Z of the point where we are. 
Command is entered on the form @ distance <angle, Z after the command line you want to draw. 

Note that these coordinates are similar with the Absolute difference to us in this case the starting point CURRENT. 
Given that here we do not have X and Y coordinates, we have a standard starting direction EAST so we take care of it when working with these coordinates. (See coordinate system) 

Look at the picture above. To draw a starting point of a line in 3D space using cylindrical polar coordinates relative it is necessary to specify the command as follows. 

– Click on the Isometric button to switch to 3D view (toolbar View) 
– To set the point T1 is needed: a click of a button LINE (starting point T1 lines) 
– Type @8.5<30,5 time point T1 positioned in 3D space by elements of orders that we have set. So 8.5 is our distance from the starting point (in this case, the current point where we are and this is a T1), the angle at which we left – the direction is 30 degrees and the height Z is 5 units. 

What did we do? 
We were in T1. Using cylindrical polar coordinates are defined relative to our distance from T1 to be 8.5 units of angle 30 ° and height (Z) 5 units. 

So the sequence of commands as follows: 

Command: _line [LINE button click to draw lines, note that we are in T1] 
Specify first point: @8.5<30,5 [setting up the first point T1 – distance = 8.5 angle = 30 ° and height (Z) = 5]

GATE 2017

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GATE 2017: The results of GATE 2017 has been declared by the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee. The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) 2017 exam was held in February and the final answer keys were released in March.

Successful candidates can download the scorecard till May 5, 2017 only. As per the official website, GATE 2017 scorecard download will be enabled shortly.

The organising authority IIT Roorkee had released the answer keys last month and the candidates were given time till March 6 to raise objections. The candidates can check the final results from the official website – appsgate.iitr.ac.in.

Steps to download GATE 2017 results
Visit the official website mentioned above
On the homepage, enter registration number and other details
The results will be displayed
Check them carefully

IIT Roorkee initially announced that the results for GATE 2017 will be declared on March 27, however, the Institute has released the result a day in advance.

After the declaration of results, GATE scorecards can be downloaded by

(a) All SC/ST/PwD candidates whose marks are greater than or equal to the qualifying mark of SC/ST/PwD candidates in their respective papers, and

(b) All other candidates whose marks are greater than or equal to the qualifying mark of OBC (NCL) candidates in their respective papers.

To check the result, aspirants will have to use their Enrollment ID or Registered Email ID. 

Check here GATE 2017 Results

The GATE 2017 Result will cover the following information:

• Candidate Name
• GATE 2017 Registration No.
• Marks out of hundred
• Qualifying marks for your discipline
• Marks obtained in the given session
• You can check the GATE 2017 Result Below:

Click here to check your GATE Exam Result 2017

3D COORDINATES – POLAR CYLINDRICAL ABSOLUTE COORDINATES

CIVIL_ENGINEERING

3D coordinates – Polar Cylindrical Absolute Coordinates in AutoCAD

3D coordinates – Polar Cylindrical Absolute Coordinates in AutoCAD

 

    

Absolute Cylindrical polar coordinates in the 3D drawing based on a starting point, angle and height define the distance at an angle and height Z. 
Command is set in a distance <angle, Z after the command line you want to draw. 
Given that here we do not have X and Y coordinates, we have a standard starting direction EAST, so we take care of it when working with these coordinates. (See coordinate system) 

Look at the picture above. To draw a starting point of a line in 3D space using cylindrical polar coordinates Absolute is necessary to specify the command as follows. 

– Click on the Isometric button to switch to 3D view (toolbar View) 
– To set the point T1 is needed: a click of a button LINE (starting point T1 lines) 
– Type 6<40,3 time point T1 positioned in 3D space by elements of orders that we have set. So 6 is our distance from the starting point (in this case, a UCS), the angle at which we started was 40 ° and the height Z is 3 units. 

What did we do? 
We were at the origin. Using cylindrical polar coordinates Absolute we determine our distance to T1 should be 6 units at an angle 40 ° and height (Z) 3 units. 

So the sequence of commands as follows: 

Command: _line [click on the button to draw the line LINE] 
Specify first point: 6<40,3 [setting up the first point T1 – distance = 6, angle = 40 ° and height (Z) = 3]

3D COORDINATES – RELATIVE RECTANGULAR COORDINATES

CIVIL_ENGINEERING

3D coordinates – Relative Rectangular Coordinates in AutoCAD

3D coordinates – Relative Rectangular Coordinates in AutoCAD

 

    

 

Rectangular coordinates relative to the 3D drawing based on the previous point a distance defined by axes X, Y and Z. So, use them when you are starting from a point where you currently are. (In case the picture above the current point is T1). 
Command is entered on the form @ X, Y, Z after the command line you want to draw. 

Look at the picture above. To draw a line in 3D space is necessary to specify the coordinates in the following way. 

– Click on the Isometric button to switch to 3D view (toolbar View) 
– To set the point T1 is needed: a click of a button LINE 
– Type 5,4,3 (X, Y, Z coordinates) time point T1 positioned in 3D space by planes that we have set. These coordinates are set by Absolute rectangular coordinates. 
– To continue drawing a line that is positioned in T2 using rectangular coordinates relative to the Command Line box, type @ 7,4,5 (@ X, Y, Z coordinates of the point T2). 

What did we do? 
We were at the point T1 (no matter how we got into it). Using rectangular coordinates are relative to continue to draw a line to the point T2. Using the @ sign is relatively coordinates (as in 2D). In this case we write @ 7,4,5 which means that we can move from point T1 (draw lines) on the X axis for the 7 units, the Y axis for 4 units and the Z axis by 5 units.

 

You notice and remember: 

3D rectangular coordinates of the relative benefits from the starting point where we are and we use the @ sign.

So the sequence of commands as follows:

Command: _line [click on the button to draw the line LINE]
Specify first point: 5,4,3 [setting up the first point T1 – starting X = 5, Y = Z = 4 and 3 – these are the absolute coordinates, but we are in 3D]
Specify next point or [Undo]: @ 7,4,5 [second set point T2 – @ = sign for the relative coordinates, X = 7, Y = Z = 4 and 5 – these are the relative coordinates]

3D COORDINATES – ABSOLUTE RECTANGULAR COORDINATES

CIVIL_ENGINEERING

 3D coordinates – Absolute rectangular coordinates in AutoCAD

3D coordinates – Absolute rectangular coordinates in AutoCAD

 

    

 

Absolute rectangular coordinates in 3D drawing are the same as in the 2D drawing just by adding a third dimension “Z”.
Command is entered on the form of  X, Y, Z after the command line you want to draw.

Look at the picture above. To draw a line in 3D space is necessary to specify the coordinates in the following way.

– Click on the Isometric button to switch to 3D view (toolbar View)
– To set the point T1 is needed: a click of a button LINE
– Type 5,4,3 (X, Y, Z coordinates) time point T1 positioned in 3D space by planes that we have set
– To set the line ending point T2, type in the Command Line 12,8,8 (X, Y, Z coordinates of the point T2)

How does it on the plane? THIS Download the PDF file.

So the sequence of commands as follows:

Command: _line [click on the button to draw the line LINE]
Specify first point: 5,4,3 [setting up the first point T1 – starting X = 5, Y = 4 and Z = 3]
Specify next point or [Undo] 12,8,8 [T2 set up the second point – the final X = 12, y = 8 and Z = 8]

Point T1 – look at the XY plane

 

Point T1 – look at the XZ plane

 

Point T1 – look at the YZ plane

 

Point T2 – look at the XY plane

 

Point T2 – look at the XZ plane

 

Point T2 – look at the YZ plane

TYPES OF 3D COORDINATES

CIVIL_ENGINEERING

 Type of 3D coordinates – three-dimensional drawing in AutoCAD

Type of 3D coordinates – three-dimensional drawing in AutoCAD

 

3D coordinates are used by us for three-dimensional drawing (ie: drawing in space)
How does a line drawn in 3D space. dwg file and open it in AutoCAD and 3D using ORBIT buttons rotate the drawing.

 

 

THREE-DIMENSIONAL drawing (three dimensions, length, width and height) as you realize that you draw with a pencil in the box of the shoe. 

Depending on the position of UCS and we can draw a figure or a 3D object, drawing, etc., using these coordinates. We can also combine all kinds of coordinates during the drawing of a drawing. 

The initial position of the UCS-a figure on paper as a point in the lower left corner of the “boxes”, which is fixed if you work with absolute coordinates. 
In as much as you do with the relative coordinates then are not based on the UCS, but to the point where you are. 

Of course, for it is necessary to know the kinds of coordinates shown in the picture above and the coordinate system (read it well, without him there is no drawing in AutoCAD.) 

The 3D drawing there are 3 planes (XY, XZ and YZ) in the plane when we draw lines in 2D and transferring to other planes and connecting lines create a drawing that is located in 3D space. 

Depending what type of coordinates can be used immediately in order that we draw a line to be in 3D space (because we have a 3-dimensional X, Y and Z) 

Here well review the position of the UCS, because without knowledge about the position of the UCS and its setting will be very hard to master 3D drawing. When drawing in 3D view (SW or SW Isometric …) it is important to have an idea how to set the UCS and its location. (Only exercises that you can handle). Therefore, you should consult the UCS toolbar and buttons on it, because it will greatly assist in drawing in 3D space

MODELING – SUBSTRACT

CIVIL_ENGINEERING

MODELING – SUBTRACT – 3D draw in AutoCAD

How to cut off part of the 2D or 3D model

Subtract command on the toolbar MODELING / SOLID EDITING used to cut two or more objects (which was previously treated) command REGION (that facilities must be enclosed area or a 3D object).
Command can be run in command line prompt => Subtract
Pay attention to the clause for the Subtract command.

Create two or more objects. If the area is closed (unless you use a command or BOUNDARY REGION) can be cut with a command Subtract one object from another.

EXAMPLE cutting off 2D drawings or 3D object

From the square we cut to get a square truncated round.

The procedure for cutting off an object from another is made as follows:

– draw objects (in 2D or 3D object)
– Start the Subtract command by clicking a button or by typing commands in the Command Line
– Click on the first object (from which Cut off, then that should remain and it is in our case a rectangle)
– Press ENTER (or click RM on the desktop)
– Select the second object (ie WHO Cut off the circle)
– press Enter

Command: _subtract Select solids and regions to subtract from .. [start order]
Select objects: 1 found [click on the first object of which cut the second]
Select objects: [Enter key or click the right mouse button on the desktop]
Select solids and regions to subtract .. [select another object ie departments]
Select objects: 1 found [press Enter]

Now you have this result.

Now, with a command EXTRUDE lift the object and create a 3D model.

Subtract command can be used wherever you need to carve, chop off part of a body or a 2D object, for example: to make holes in the wall of windows in a 3D view and the like. (using the command Subtract I made gutters in the drawing home)

INTERSECT command does a similar act only as a result remains a movement (it explore on your own)

MODELING – UNION

CIVIL_ENGINEERING

MODELING – UNION – 3D draw in AutoCAD

To unite or merge or combine two 2D or 3D models in an object or a drawing

UNION command on the toolbar MODELING / SOLID EDITING used for merging two or more objects (which was previously treated) command REGION (that facilities must be enclosed area or a 3D object).
Command can be run in command line prompt => UNION
Pay attention to the clause of UNION command.

Create two or more objects. If the area is closed (unless you use a command or BOUNDARY REGION) commands you can use UNION to merge objects into one.

Command: _union [click on the button UNION]
Select objects: 1 found [click on first object]
Select objects: 1 found, 2 total [click to another object]

This command UNION can be used eg: when you draw the walls of the house and they want to merge into one entity.
The color layer will determine the color of the merged objects.

Now you can use the command EXTRUDE to create solid 3D object.
Otherwise, this command UNION can be applied to already drawn a 3D body.

MODELING – EXTRUDE

CIVIL_ENGINEERING

MODELING – EXTRUDE – 3D draw in AutoCAD

How to convert draw to 3D model

EXTRUDE command on the toolbar MODELING is used to shift an object (which was previously treated) REGION command.
Command can be run in command line prompt => EXTRUDE
Pay attention to the clause for the command EXTRUDE.

Extrude can apply to:
 

• Lines
• Arcs
• Elliptical arcs
• 2D polylines
• 2D splines
• Circles
• Ellipses
• Planar 3D faces
• 2D solids
• Traces
• Regions
• Planar surfaces
• Planar faces on solids

The following objects can be used as PATH which will extrude the object.

• Lines
• Circles
• Arcs
• Ellipses
• Elliptical arcs
• 2D polylines
• 3D polylines
• 2D splines
• 3D splines
• Edges of solids
• Edges of surfaces
• Helixes

The subcommand after each press Enter button you have certain options for additional elements Extrude (elevation lines or building) 

Extrude an object is done as follows: 

– Create an object (must be a closed area unless extrude line) 
– Activate command ISOLINES (number of lines) + Enter 
– Click on the Extrude 
– Select the object + Enter 
– Pay attention to the clause select one of them, or simply enter the height of the building. 

Command: _extrude 
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES = 50 
Select objects to extrude: 1 found 
Select objects to extrude: 
Specify height of extrusion or [Direction / Path / Taper angle] <64.1171>: 

When working with the main command orders should be noted that the choice of one of them may have an additional subcommand for the eventual completion and completion of commands in AutoCAD. 
So you see the above example is: 

– Direction => Extrude Direction 
– Path => path by which to extrude an object 
– Taper Angle => angle that will extrude the object that is narrow at the end of this height. (Here note that you can extrude the circle as a result get a cone or truncated cone. TaperAngle So when narrowing the angle extrude) 

EXAMPLE: Extrude lines that are angled 90 ° and the oblique angle (if you extrude the line then you get the look of the network as a starting point) 

Here, note that you can not drawn a rectangle of base line extrude a 3D model. You must process the rectangle command REGION (to all 4 lines connect to one area).

EXAMPLE: Extrude the rectangle and circle. The amount, type or specify a mouse.

EXAMPLE: Extrude a circle with a cone and truncated cone and rectangle in the pyramid and truncated pyramid

Command: _extrude
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES = 50
Select objects to extrude: 1 found
Select objects to extrude:
Specify height of extrusion or [Direction / Path / Taper angle]: T
Specify angle of taper for extrusion <35>: 10
Specify height of extrusion or [Direction / Path / Taper angle]: 50

EXAMPLE: Extrude a circle in the tube using a subcommand Path

I advise that line the path to convert polyline (otherwise you can not single click select the entire path). Therefore, I showed that the more lines and ports you can specify a path to extrude.

Command: _extrude
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES = 50 [number of lines – Variable]
Select objects to extrude: 1 found [after selecting the object with the mouse]
Select objects to extrude: [If you wish to select other objects still have the option for it] + Enter
Specify height of extrusion or [Direction / Path / Taper angle] <-12.1287>: P [optional path]
Select extrusion path or [Taper angle]: [Click on the line trajectory.]

After applying the command EXTRUDE result of this. With this order, I drew the drawing of the house gutters in the house. And of course additional commands SUBRTACT took the object to get a hollow tube.

.

ATTENTION: (Unable to extrude the selected object.)

If you get the inability Extrude object be that the path to an object located in the same plane, because a good note the view (use the button 3D Orbit) to rotate an object in space!

MODELING – CONE

MODELING – CONE – 3D draw in AutoCAD

How to draw a cone in AutoCAD

CONE command on the toolbar MODELING is used for drawing 3D body like cones.
Command can be run in command line prompt => CONE

Pay attention to the clause of this order cone.
Also note that here we work with three dimensions (length, width and height)

Dimensional shape of a cone can be determined using (because a good note the clause in the command line prompt)
By practicing this command you will get a routine (and others) so you will not be a problem to use it in certain drawings as I do when you draw a roof on a house in the previous links (of course the roof line is not so, but I did it for examples)
– 3P – 3 points
– 2P – 2 points
– TTR – Tangent, Tangent, Radius
– Elliptical – using ellipses
and other command for the height of a cone

The diagram above ISOLINES value = 50